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Discuss the ramifications of choosing an inappropriate design for a research study.

In order to find the best information on a topic, not only should you develop a question and search for resources, but you should also know how to analyze the value of the resources that you identify. There are different ways to evaluate resources, such as using the hierarchy of evidence, which you explored in Week 4 of this course. Another way to evaluate resources is to consider the appropriateness of the research design. Understanding how research designs contribute to the quality of a study is essential for being able to analyze resources when conducting a literature review or locating evidence for practice.

 

In this Discussion, you consider the different research designs and evaluate how these designs have been used to research a specific topic. You also consider strategies for selecting an appropriate research design.

 

To prepare:

 

  • Review the information in the course texton quantitative research designs. Focus on the information in Box 9.1, “Guidelines for Critiquing Research Designs in Quantitative Studies” located on page 230 of the course text.
  • Select a topic from the list below and search the Walden Library to find two different quantitative research studies addressing that issue:

 

    • Caregiver stress
    • Anxiety in children
    • Sleep apnea
    • Depression in college freshmen
    • Rural health care issues
    • Post-traumatic stress syndrome
    • Traumatic brain injury in veterans
    • Health effects of environmental contaminants
    • Bipolar disorder
    • End-of-life ethical issues
    • Alternative medicine
  • For each of the sources that you select, identify the type of quantitative research design used, and evaluate whether it is the most appropriate approach to the research.
  • Consider the ramifications of choosing an inappropriate design for a research study.

 

Post  (1) the topic you selected,  references for the two sources you identified, and the quantitative research design used in each. (2) Critique the appropriateness of the design used and justify your comments with information from the Learning Resources. (3) Discuss the ramifications of choosing an inappropriate design for a research study.

 

 
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 describe the patient’s personal, social, family and medical history, drug therapy and treatments, and follow-up care

Practicum Experience: Journal Entry

 

As a nurse practitioner, Select a patient who presented to your clinic with abdominal pain,  reflect on this patient who has  abdominal pain. In 1 to 2 pages   journal ,  describe the patient’s personal, social, family and medical history, drug therapy and treatments, and follow-up care. Make sure you personalize this case as a provider.

 

 
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Reflect on potential treatment options based on your diagnosis.

Diagnosing Gastrointestinal Disorders

In primary care settings, patients often present with abdominal pain. Although this is frequently a sign of a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, abdominal pain could also be the result of other systemic disorders, making this type of pain difficult to assess. While abdominal pain is most common, many other GI symptoms also overlap multiple disorders, further increasing the difficulty in diagnosing and treating patients. This makes provider-patient communication essential. You must be able to formulate questions that will prompt the patient to provide the necessary information, as this will guide your assessment and diagnosis. For this Discussion, consider potential diagnoses for the patients in the following case studies.

Case Study 1:
A 49-year-old man presents to the office complaining of vague abdominal discomfort over the past few days. He states he does not feel like eating and has not moved his bowels for the last 2 days. His patient medical history includes an appendectomy at age 22 and borderline hypertension, which he is trying to control with diet and exercise. He takes no medications and has no known allergies. Positive physical exam findings include a temperature of 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit, heart rate of 98, respiratory rate of 24, and blood pressure of 150/72. The abdominal exam reveals abdominal distention, diminished bowel sounds, and lower left quadrant tenderness without rebound.

Case Study 2:
A 40 year-old female presents to the office with the chief complaint of diarrhea. She has been having recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. She has lost 9 pounds in the last month. She takes no medications, but is allergic to penicillin.  She describes her life as stressful, but manageable. The physical exam reveals a pale middle- aged female in no acute distress. Her weight is 140 pounds (down from 154 at her last visit over a year ago), blood pressure of 94/60 sitting and 86/50 standing, heart rate of 96 and regular without postural changes, respiratory rate of 18, and O2 saturation 99%. Further physical examination reveals:
Skin: w/d, no acute lesions or rashes
Eyes: sclera clear, conj pale
Ears: no acute changes
Nose: no erythema or sinus tenderness
Mouth: membranes pale, some slight painful ulcerations, right buccal mucosa, tongue beefy red, teeth good repair
Neck: supple, no thyroid enlargement or tenderness, no lymphadenopathy
Cardio: S1 S2 regular, no S3 S4 or murmur
Lungs: CTA w/o rales, wheezes, or rhonchi
Abdomen: scaphoid, BS hyperactive, generalized tenderness, rectal +occult blood

Case Study 3:
A 52-year-old male presents to the office for a routine physical. The review of symptoms reveals anorexia, heartburn, and weight loss over the past 6 months. The heartburn is long standing, occurring most days during the week. He takes TUMS or Rolaids to relieve the discomfort. The patient describes occasional use of ibuprofen for back pain, but denies other medications including herbals. He has no known allergies. He was adopted so does not know his family history. Social history reveals that, although he stopped smoking ten years ago, he smoked for 20 years. He occasionally consumes alcohol on the weekends only. The only positive physical exam finding for this patient was slight epigastric tenderness. The remainder of his exam was negative and the rectal exam was negative for blood.

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s media presentations and Part 12 of the Buttaro et al. text in the Learning Resources.
  • Select one of the three case studies listed above. Reflect on the provided patient information including history and physical exams.
  • Think about a differential diagnosis. Consider the role the patient history and physical exam played in diagnosis.
  • Reflect on potential treatment options based on your diagnosis.

Post on or before Day 3 an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study that you selected. Describe the role the patient history and physical exam played in the diagnosis. Then, suggest potential treatment options based on your patient diagnosis.

 
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What are the differences between governance and leadership?

Social Marketing, Management, and Organizational Behavior

Part 1

Transparent and accountable governance and strong leadership are the cornerstones of successful public health operations and delivery of public health services.

Respond to the following questions in relation to governance and leadership:

  • What are the differences between governance and leadership?
  • What systems or processes should public health agencies utilize to ensure communication and accountability between their governing board and leaders? Justify your answers.

According to Kotter (2001), ” . . . leadership and management are two distinctive and complementary systems of action. Each has its own function and characteristic activities. Both are necessary for success in an increasingly complex and volatile business environment.”

Respond to the following questions in relation to management and leadership:

  • What are the differences between leadership and management?
  • Why do you think Kotter described leadership and management as complementary systems of action?

In recent years, the optimal management structure has shifted from a narrow span of control to a broad or wide span of control. Earlier, three to seven individuals were reporting to the same manager (narrow span), whereas today, it is common to have twenty or more staff members reporting to the same person (broad span), as stated in the course textbook.

Based on the readings for this week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following discussion points:

  • Identify at least one pro and one con for each span of control described above.
  • State, with reasons, which of the two structures you would recommend.

Part 2

Several decades ago, Kotler and Zaltman (1971) first used the term “social marketing” to describe the application of marketing theory to solve social- and health-related issues. Since then, social marketing has grown in popularity and usage within the public health community, including within national agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local health departments. Some of the factors responsible for the success of national social marketing campaigns are the efficient use of financial resources to develop marketing strategies, consistent messages across geographic boundaries, and uniform evaluation measures.

Respond to the following discussion points in relation to social marketing campaigns:

  • What challenges might you expect when adapting a national social marketing campaign in your local community?
  • Recommend ways in which your local health department may address these challenges.

References:

Kotler, P., & Zaltman, G. (1971). Social marketing: An approach to planned social
change. Journal of Marketing35(3), 3–12.

Kotter, J. P. (2001). What leaders really do. Harvard Business Review79(11),
85–96.

 

 

 

Can someone answer this for me by 20:00EST today 4/3/2016.

NO PLAGERISM and APA format on references with in text citations.

Also, no amount of pages just need to have the answers answered fully adn make sense.

 

Thanking you in advance.

 
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What is Internet of Things?

What is Internet of Things?

What is Internet of Things? A concept for a major industry of any choice, a scenario that could easyly exist in 5 years. The ecosystem would solve a problem or enhance the experience of your selected industry (or any aspect of it) through the Internet of Things.

two to three device ideas that can illustrate a concept and that interact with one another to support a learner, explain what their performance, how would they work with each other.

 
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submit a 2500 words essay on the topic Employee Relations in UK.

submit a 2500 words essay on the topic Employee Relations in UK.Download file to see previous pages… It will be useful for management to conduct seminars and training sessions wherein th

Hi, need to submit a 2500 words essay on the topic Employee Relations in UK.

Download file to see previous pages…It will be useful for management to conduct seminars and training sessions wherein the see the applicability of employee right in real-case scenarios

In the United Kingdom, the Employment Relations Act (1999) was adopted by the government to provide better working standards for employees. It is intended to improve relations between an organization and its employees by fostering a new climate of co-operation between the worker and the employer. This act lays down the need to implement a statutory procedure for trade unions to be recognized as organizations which speak or put forth the interests of the organization’s employees ( Such a procedure needs to be adopted by any organizations where the employees exceeds 20).

The Employment Relations Act (1999), states that any independent public body such as the Central Arbitration Committee should be given due recognition in cases where a majority members of the workforce of an organization are union members. This law empowers employees by bringing out provisions that protect their rights and also strengthens their rights to belong to unions. Through this law workers have the right to be accompanied by a trade union official at disciplinary and grievance hearings. As a result of this law, it is not possible for employers to dismiss employees who are taking official, lawfully-organized industrial action. One of the hall-marks of this law is that it promotes ideas for a friendly working atmosphere and reforms tribunal awards for unfair dismissal.

After the implementation of this act, it effectiveness was reviewed by government authorities. The review reveals that the act has been well-implemented and has succeeded in its purpose to improve employee relations. Through this act the procedure for recognition of trade unions has been carried out smoothly and efficiently. In the case of any issues of employee grievances, these issues are resolved very quickly, say within less than half the time. After this law came into effect, what was noticed was that inter-union disputes and legal challenges have drastically come down. The Act has encouraged voluntary settlement of recognition claims since its implementation and as a result, there have been about over 1,000 voluntary recognition agreements in the United Kingdom.

Speaking on the effect of the implementation of the Employment Act, the Employment Relations Minister, Alan Johnson, said that there was evidence which showed that the law was doing what it proposed to do. As a result of the law, the number of strikes have comes down and the number of people who were employed was increasing. There is a real change in the attitude of employers towards employees and this has fostered an atmosphere wherein employers and employee are not just working together, but working together really well.

Employee relations and handling disputes

The Employment Act in 2002, made more improvements in the handling of employee relations. It lays down a set of procedures for managing disputes at the workplace. As per the new provisions, all employers must by October 2004, follow a procedure to deal with disputes. This procedure is a three-step process which ensures that disputes are discussed at work. As per this procedure, the dispute or grievance which an employee has against the employer must be set out in writing.

 
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·        What are the difficulties with new Information Technology (IT) approaches in general?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are relatively new approaches to solving business problems. You will need to:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are relatively new approaches to solving business problems. You will need to:

·        Consider the differences and similarities among the four techniques discussed in this course

·        What are the difficulties with new Information Technology (IT) approaches in general?

·        For each of the systems discussed, identify some advantages and disadvantages of AI systems over traditional business processes. Say you were selling specialty teas and had brick and click stores. Would you use the same type of AI systems for each part of your business? In what way would you use them or why would you not? Is there a place for decision support and artificial intelligence techniques in small specialty businesses?

·        In what way would decision support add value?

·        Can you think of how a Decision Support System (DSS) or an AI system would be value reducing (in terms of Porter’s value chain theory)?

Provide recommendations that are feasible in all respects

 
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Gender Stereotypes in the Australian Media.

Compose a 3000 words essay on Gender Stereotypes in the Australian Media. Needs to be plagiarism free!Download file to see previous pages… Women become over-zealous in their attempt to mirror the bo

Compose a 3000 words essay on Gender Stereotypes in the Australian Media. Needs to be plagiarism free!

Download file to see previous pages…Women become over-zealous in their attempt to mirror the body image of the fashion models seen on television and in advertisements. The consumer is literally caught inside a media pinball machine as they are sold the latest ‘fat-burger’ and are left with a guilty conscious. Fashion, sports, entertainment, advertising, and society all conspire to push our ideal of the perfect body to an unobtainable position.

There has been a substantial amount of research concerning the media’s unrealistic and stereotypical portrayal of the body image. While much of the research has taken place in the US, other Western cultures including Australia, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand, and the Netherlands have noted similar results and have found women “living with near constant exposure to narrowly defined and highly unrealistic beauty ideals”.1 Television and print advertising are at the core of the drive to sustain a connection between the public and a structure that is acceptable to the members of an in-group. Verri et al. (1997) and Tiggermann (1996) found a direct correlation between the amount of, and the dependence upon, television viewing and the vulnerability to developing an eating disorder.2 In addition, Sanders et al. (1995) found a direct correlation between the numbers of magazines read by 12-year-old girls and the probability that they would consider themselves overweight.3 However, this phenomenon is not unique to females, as men also suffer from poor body image. Bergstrom and Neighbors state, “Body dissatisfaction among men is influenced by many of the same factors as that among women. Significant research has focused on various sociocultural influences on the male ideal body figure, which may contribute to body dissatisfaction” and an unrealistic obsession with muscularity.4 Likewise, the research has also shown that this problem is pervasive from a very young age on through adulthood. Children as young as six are affected by the stereotyping of ideal body image, as are the elderly, though the effect is mediated by older age.5, 6 The media’s influence on body image begins early in childhood and continues through the later stages of life for both genders.

Most people are dissatisfied with some aspect of their body, and many people have a distorted view of it or an unrealistic evaluation. There are two types of body image distortions that lead to dissatisfaction. The first, known as body-size distortion, is a perception that is distorted where the individual “misperceives his or her body size, or the size of various body parts, as being larger than they objectively are”.7 This distortion is often a precursor and a marker for the eating disorders of anorexia or bulimia. According to Bergstrom and Neighbors, “The second type of body image disturbance, termed body dissatisfaction, refers to the cognitive, affective, or attitudinal nature of negative body image”.8 This dissatisfaction is more likely to lead to unhealthy dieting practices, extreme bodybuilding, or cosmetic surgery that may be unnecessary and have long lasting negative effects. Whether people have a distorted image or are simply dissatisfied with their body, the media fuels the problem and people are motivated to take actions that may have negative consequences.

 
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From a financial perspective, briefly describe the concept of a business

Chapter 1:

Q1- From a financial perspective, briefly describe the concept of a business.  List and explain the differences between a business & pure charity.  Please respond to at least 2 classmates post.

Student 1:

Business is depending on buying and selling for profit. When a business is a personal or a company should determine goals that lead to develop the business and focus for the goal. In the other hand, Charity is depending on the provision of a range of humanitarian services to individuals in need. It is also known that a group of individuals, associations and institutions provide support and assistance to people with different needs, such as food, medicine and shelter, and others. Also, does not depend on achieving any financial gain; it is a work linked to good and charity to others.

Student 2:

My theory about business would be, business is a person or group of people idea about making an investment to improve his or their income. Charity is a person or more than one person is opinion to help others with some amount of money. Charity is helping others with their needs, and business is an idea of making more money.

Chapter 2:

Q2- If you could change ONE thing about our health care system, what would that be? Please provide detailed explanation.  Reply to the post of 2 classmates.

Student 1:

If I could change one thing in the U.S. health care system it would be that employer groups, payers, and government systems would all come together to make it simpler for Americans who are seeking health coverage. I am from a rural area in Kentucky and have seen so many people neglect their health because they could not go to certain providers and would have to travel hours to see a doctor in their network. These people know that they need to see a doctor, but may not be able to take off from work to travel to the doctors or may not have transportation to travel that far. This is a major reason that emergency rooms are overflowing with people because they have gone so long without seeing a doctor (because there are none in their network) so they can no longer stand the pain or sickness. I think if all providers could work together and be on the same playing field it would cut down costs and help people get the treatment they need in a timely manner.

Student 2:

If I could change one thing about the current health care system in America it would be accessibility for consumers. Accessibility to health care affects many different aspects of health care, such as health care cost, emergency room use, overall health of the nation, and many others. Many things affect one’s access to health care, including geographical location (rural vs. urban area), insurance coverage, and income. Improving the accessibility of health care can potentially lower total health care costs and even improve the overall health of the nation.

 
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